Suppression of emissions of pollutants in the steel industry surge suppression in the extraction an

Suppression of emissions of pollutants in the steel industry surge suppression in the extraction and processing of sampling steam pressure table and analysis of industrial pollution Latest News & Media News News of the week News Newspaper News from magazines
Scale (diagram) smoke density developed prof. Ringel Mans in Paris (1898). It consists of white squares, steam pressure table shaded black bands corresponding to different shades of gray. These standard squares, shaded by hatching and black containing 20, 40, 60 and 80% white, compared to the density of smoke or dimming jets. Ringelmana scale was introduced in the USA by Kent (1897), who studied at the Donkin in London this method, the time used throughout Europe.
In 1899, Kent suggested ASME apply the scale Ringelmana as a standard method for measuring the density of smoke in power. Technology steam pressure table Department of the Federal Geological Survey steam pressure table (later it was renamed the Bureau of production and development of minerals steam pressure table USA) used a scale Ringelmana in their studies of smokeless combustion (oxidation), started in 1904 in St. Louis, steam pressure table and in 1908 approved the scale for widespread use. In 1910, the legislature in the state of Massachusetts formally approved scale Ringelmana special decree (Decree) to Boston.
assessment of the proportion of the light passing through the jet. In 1947, California has created a section 24242 of the Code of Health and Safety, which range Ringelmana firmly established as the standard for determining the density and turbidity stack emissions. The Code is also allowed to use a scale to assess the non-black steam pressure table Ringelmana jets.
Air Pollution Control Division of Los Angeles established the "rule of 50", steam pressure table which includes the use of the scale Ringelmana and indicates how the training of inspectors air pollution control method for determining the turbidity of the jets. This training method involves comparing the results obtained with a weakening of the light jet, measured with transparency.
The procedure for determining the degree of visual turbidity emissions from stationary sources provided in the Federal Register (1971 and 1974) are listed in the EPA (Method 9). Taken from the work of Ensor (1970) Fig. 1 schematically
depicts an observer looking at the stream at the top of the pipe on a contrasting background at right angles to the direction of the jet, where the sun is behind the observer. The procedure in EPA (Method 9) indicates that the observer should do:
3. Make the observation settling so view at right angles to the direction of the jet, and if the shape of the outlet pipe is rectangular, then look at a right angle to the axis of the pipe section.
Observer training involves defining an opacity of black and white jets produced smoke generator. Groysvold (1958) reports that in Los Angeles, using the transparency light meter located inside the tube, to compare its data with measurements of the observer; Coons et al. (1965) reported that in the territory of the San Francisco Bay using turbidity made by a group of observers to standardize the transparency of light meters, located inside the smoke generators. EPA requirements for the exam to receive certification of qualified observer steam pressure table provide a demonstration of the ability of observers to the definition of transparency 25 different black and white 25 different jets with an error not exceeding 15% for each individual observation, and dosing errors with an average of no more than 7.5% in each category (white or black). The certificate is valid for six months, after which the observer must re-take the examination.