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Towards the weather alphatech forecaster test at the end of next month, and he has a re-inspection of general knowledge, alphatech but is aware that it does not hold the fundamentals. alphatech For example, on matters related to water vapor, would know properly. Can you explain alphatech the following terms? alphatech Difference 6) saturation of the wet-bulb potential temperature difference and 5) the dew point temperature and absolute humidity difference 4) water vapor density and specific humidity difference of 3 absolute humidity and absolute humidity difference alphatech and 2) relative humidity and specific humidity 1) mixing ratio Which large saturated vapor pressure of ice and relational expression 10) and water and mixing ratio equation alphatech 9) virtual alphatech temperature of the dew point temperature and the relation 8) Shissuu of water vapor pressure alphatech difference and 7) mixing ratio of saturated water vapor density and vapor pressure or mass of [g / kg] = water vapor mixing ratio of the difference and specific humidity 1) mixing ratio of [g] / dry air mass [kg] mass of specific humidity [g / kg] = water vapor in the [g] / wet air mass [kg] is the denominator is the difference or dry air, or moist air containing steam. And r the mixing ratio, is represented by q specific humidity, and W steam mass, can be expressed by A dry air mass, it becomes r = W / A, and q = W / (A + W). Here, it becomes r = q / (1-q), and q = r / (1 + r) by eliminating the A and W, when determining alphatech the relation between q and r. Mixing ratio is also specific alphatech humidity also if there is no condensation and evaporation, does not change alphatech temperature alphatech and atmospheric pressure is also changed (the value is stored) [important] will appear in this test well. Speaking alphatech of humidity is simply the difference between the general and the absolute humidity and 2) relative humidity, may refer to a relative humidity in many cases. Water vapor density [g/m3] / saturated water vapor density that is [g/m3], with respect to the saturated water vapor, alphatech water vapor and how much of [hPa] = current water vapor pressure [hPa] / saturated vapor pressure alphatech relative humidity [%] = current percentage but if they were there. If a state close to saturation, alphatech such as the humidity of 15% such as 98% humidity, when it is dry Karakara reversed. [G] / wet air volume [m3] absolute humidity is calculated grams of water vapor is what if they were present in the air of 1m3 absolute humidity [g/m3] = water vapor mass. Absolute difference of specific humidity and 3) absolute humidity humidity [g/m3] = steam mass [g] / wet air volume [m3] of specific humidity [g / kg] = steam mass [g] / wet air mass [kg] denominator is, the difference of any mass or volume. The temperature is changed, the absolute humidity varies because volume expansion, the mixing ratio and the specific humidity unchanged. Mixing ratio and specific humidity are similar concept but subtly different. The same as the expression of absolute humidity, that is, [m3] This is, both [g] / wet air volume water vapor density difference of humidity [g/m3] = water vapor mass and absolute thing) 4) water vapor density of (1) above reference the same thing. Differences dew point temperature of the wet-bulb potential temperature and 5) the dew point temperature [ ], upon cooling the air mass without changing the pressure, reaches saturation and (condensation, the relative humidity alphatech reaches 100%) temperature. As shown in the figure below, where the condensation from the lifting point, alphatech was reduced to the original pressure along the equal saturation mixing ratio line is the dew point temperature. When the condensation point lifting, along the moist adiabatic line, was reduced to 1000hPa becomes wet-bulb potential temperature. Is the difference between the amount of saturated water vapor saturated water vapor density (900hPa is an example, the number may be any) and 6) and saturated water vapor pressure, and limit the amount of water vapor that can be present in the air at that temperature. Saturated alphatech vapor pressure was shown by the partial pressure limit of the amount that can exist is [hPa], saturated water vapor density was expressed in terms of density of [g/m3]. Both, a value that depends only on the temperature, it does not change air pressure be varied. [Important] will appear in this test well. In other words, if you specify a temperature, it is inevitably determined. R [g / g], e [hPa], the relationship r = 0.622 of (e / P) When is P [hPa] the pressure of moist air water vapor pressure equation alphatech mixing ratio of water vapor pressure and 7) mixing ratio holds. alphatech By changing the pressure alphatech ratio (mass ratio of water vapor / dry air) mixture ratio = a (0.622 water vapor pressure alphatech / total pressure) mass ratio, by changing that representation adjustment of molecular weight that enters, it is e = rP/0.622. For example, in the 900hPa, alphatech when mixing ratio r = 0.05 and [g / g], it becomes [hPa] water vapor pressure alphatech e = 0.005 * 900/0.622 = 7.2. Can be converted into water vapor pressure mixing ratio is known under a constant pressure, and so that the mixing ratio is known vapor pressure is known. In addition, 0.622 is due to the molecular weight M = 18 of water vapor, the ratio of the average molecular weight m = 28.96 of dry air, the M / m = 18/28.96 = 0.622. Number of humidity relationship of dew point temperature and (H2) +16 (O) = 18 m = 0.78 * 28 (N2) +0.21 * 32 (O2) +0.01 * 40 (Ar) = 28.96 8) Shissuu M = 2 [ or no unit] = temperature of the place [ ] - the number of drying wet [ ] is large dew-point temperature, represents the wet conditions is small, and is saturated alphatech humidity number alphatech is zero. In high-rise weather map, as the wet area of the air less than 3, the number of wet indicated alphatech by dots and diagonal lines in many cases. [Important] will appear in this test well. To illustrate the relationship, such a condition. (900hPa is an example, the number may be any) gas constant R in the equation of state p = ρRT of the relationship of gas mixing ratio and temperature provisional 9) varies depending on the gas. Between the gas constant Rm of the wet air and gas constant of dry air Rd, there is a relationship Rm Rd of (1 +0.61 w) at the time of mixing ratio w. This difference is so inconvenient when a variety of calculations, alphatech trying to adjust to different temperatures, was introduced a virtual temperature Tv. Between the virtual temperature Tv with the temperature T of the actual relationship Tv = (1 +0.31 w) T is satisfied. For example, in the case of the mixing ratio of 0.05, it is 1 +0.31 * 0.05 = 1.016, is only a difference of about 1%. But by definition Tv> T, since there is little difference in practice, it does not matter and can be ignored. If expressed in a sentence (let me know only term as knowledge), it is "the temperature of the drying air with a density and pressure the same as the wet air mixture ratio of w" and virtual temperature. In the state of supercooling 0 less which is large, the water and the liquid, solid ice coexist saturated vapor pressure of ice and 10) water. At that time, the saturated vapor pressure of water is greater alphatech than the saturation vapor pressure of the ice. (Water> ice) values aside, the saturated alphatech water vapor pressure'll keep in mind that more water is large. When a grain of ice and supercooled water droplets are present in the same environment, water vapor in the air If you try to jump into either? Saturated vapor pressure of ice is small, it becomes difficult to exist as steam, the steam that Free is on the point of entering the grain ice. On the other hand because there is a margin of saturated water vapor pressure supercooled water droplets, Ying in the air out of the water it is easy to (evaporation). alphatech Then, the grain is easy to grow either? alphatech Of course, more of the grain of ice water vapor comes jump a lot of significant growth. I was represented by a yellow balloon, the saturated vapor pressure, but I wonder if hard to understand? What is saturated water vapor pressure, it is difficult to express in comics. Also, in any case, this idea, because they are often taken up (ice crystal growth) cold rain precipitation process, let us remember. [Important] will appear in this test well. Large north
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