A copy of the calculation of retaining stenki.doc | engineering, technical science, the material, abstract, design
The purpose of the course work - to consolidate best cheese for nachos the theoretical knowledge best cheese for nachos in the section best cheese for nachos "Theory of earth pressure on the building envelope" and the acquisition of practical skills in the design of retaining walls. Course work is performed in accordance with the task set out in the annex to the guidelines. Identifier assignment gives the student teacher. The Challenge provides a cross section of the wall and its size, characteristics of the soil backfill and soil that lies beneath the sole foundation, as well as distributed best cheese for nachos load, located on the filling. The main points of the explanatory note. 1. The task for course work. 2. Analysis of the construction best cheese for nachos properties of the soil under the foundation wall. 3. Construction of diagrams best cheese for nachos of intense pressure, the definition best cheese for nachos of active and passive pressures acting on the wall. 4. Determination of the resultant active pressure by constructing Poncelet. 5. Determination of the stresses acting on the base of the foundation, and their comparison with the calculated resistance of the soil. 6. Calculation of the stability of the wall against overturning and shift the sole foundation. 7. Checking the resultant. Course work is made on sheets of writing paper standard size, design best cheese for nachos diagrams best cheese for nachos are drawn on graph paper of the same size (or double sheets) to scale (for linear dimensions, pressure, force).
Retaining wall design called for holding the soil mass from collapsing when the steepness of the slope over the limit. Retaining walls are one of the most common best cheese for nachos engineering structures on the railways and roads. a)
Fig.1. Slopes: a - natural; b - held by the collapse of a retaining wall with the construction of roads often undercut recess natural slopes, retaining its stability at an angle Ψ0, is called the angle of repose. The new slope with an angle Ψ, exceeds the amount Ψ0, can not be sustained and will certainly fall if it does not support the retaining wall (Figure 1). In this case, the retaining wall compactor best cheese for nachos will provide an array of pressure, which is a consequence of the weight of the soil and its dispersion. Retaining walls on the structure is divided best cheese for nachos into massive best cheese for nachos (gravity), thin-walled, sheet pile (Fig. 2). Stability is provided by massive walls of their own weight, and thin-walled retaining walls - its own weight and the weight of the soil lying on thin-walled cantilever slabs.
Fig. 2. Retaining walls: and - massive; b - thin-walled; best cheese for nachos in - sheet pile; 1 - anchor pile, 2 - strand, 3 - Stability brace sheet piling provided jamming them into subgrade in combination with 2 strands, fixed to the anchor structure (eg pile 1) or staging spacers 3 (Fig. 2c). The guidelines consider the calculation of massive retaining walls. Since the calculation of sheet pile walls, students can be found in the methodological guidelines IV Kovalev "Calculation sheet piling" (L.LIIZHT, 1988). Massive retaining wall consists of the body wall itself and its foundation (Fig. 3). Granite Walls AB is called the back face, and the ground lying behind it - backfilling. The lower plane is called AE sole foundation walls, point E - front edge of the sole.
The pressure exerted by the ground filling the rear face wall can be realized in various forms and meanings depending on the design features walls, the strength characteristics of the filling soil and foundation on the magnitude and direction of movement of the wall. In the absence of moving away from the wall of the filling pressure is realized in the form of pressure E0 rest (in this case the filling is ground under compressive stress state). Active earth pressure best cheese for nachos Ea (thrust) is realized when moving away from the wall backfill and corresponds to the minimum value of the soil pressure. En passive pressure (resistance to the wall) is realized when you move the wall towards filling corresponds best cheese for nachos to the maximum pressure of the soil. Changing the pressure in the soil, depending on the displacement wall U is shown in Fig. 4.
Usually in engineering best cheese for nachos calculations use the value of the active pressure best cheese for nachos Ea, which is realized for sufficiently small displacements of the wall. In this case, the wall structure is a more cost-effective than in the calculations using the pressure resting E0. Under the influence of the active pressure Ea wall usually receives a small amount of movement of the filling, which can not, as a rule, to realize the full value of resistance En. To realize the full value of E will require best cheese for nachos a movement amount (due to soil compactibility), which can not be tolerated best cheese for nachos in the normal operation of the wall. Therefore, the design of retaining walls for the transport of construction allowed to enter into the calculations, only a third of the implemented resistance. The underside of wall friction force acts T. scheme of action best cheese for nachos of all forces on the wall is shown in Fig. 5. The rules of signs etc.
The purpose of the course work - to consolidate best cheese for nachos the theoretical knowledge best cheese for nachos in the section best cheese for nachos "Theory of earth pressure on the building envelope" and the acquisition of practical skills in the design of retaining walls. Course work is performed in accordance with the task set out in the annex to the guidelines. Identifier assignment gives the student teacher. The Challenge provides a cross section of the wall and its size, characteristics of the soil backfill and soil that lies beneath the sole foundation, as well as distributed best cheese for nachos load, located on the filling. The main points of the explanatory note. 1. The task for course work. 2. Analysis of the construction best cheese for nachos properties of the soil under the foundation wall. 3. Construction of diagrams best cheese for nachos of intense pressure, the definition best cheese for nachos of active and passive pressures acting on the wall. 4. Determination of the resultant active pressure by constructing Poncelet. 5. Determination of the stresses acting on the base of the foundation, and their comparison with the calculated resistance of the soil. 6. Calculation of the stability of the wall against overturning and shift the sole foundation. 7. Checking the resultant. Course work is made on sheets of writing paper standard size, design best cheese for nachos diagrams best cheese for nachos are drawn on graph paper of the same size (or double sheets) to scale (for linear dimensions, pressure, force).
Retaining wall design called for holding the soil mass from collapsing when the steepness of the slope over the limit. Retaining walls are one of the most common best cheese for nachos engineering structures on the railways and roads. a)
Fig.1. Slopes: a - natural; b - held by the collapse of a retaining wall with the construction of roads often undercut recess natural slopes, retaining its stability at an angle Ψ0, is called the angle of repose. The new slope with an angle Ψ, exceeds the amount Ψ0, can not be sustained and will certainly fall if it does not support the retaining wall (Figure 1). In this case, the retaining wall compactor best cheese for nachos will provide an array of pressure, which is a consequence of the weight of the soil and its dispersion. Retaining walls on the structure is divided best cheese for nachos into massive best cheese for nachos (gravity), thin-walled, sheet pile (Fig. 2). Stability is provided by massive walls of their own weight, and thin-walled retaining walls - its own weight and the weight of the soil lying on thin-walled cantilever slabs.
Fig. 2. Retaining walls: and - massive; b - thin-walled; best cheese for nachos in - sheet pile; 1 - anchor pile, 2 - strand, 3 - Stability brace sheet piling provided jamming them into subgrade in combination with 2 strands, fixed to the anchor structure (eg pile 1) or staging spacers 3 (Fig. 2c). The guidelines consider the calculation of massive retaining walls. Since the calculation of sheet pile walls, students can be found in the methodological guidelines IV Kovalev "Calculation sheet piling" (L.LIIZHT, 1988). Massive retaining wall consists of the body wall itself and its foundation (Fig. 3). Granite Walls AB is called the back face, and the ground lying behind it - backfilling. The lower plane is called AE sole foundation walls, point E - front edge of the sole.
The pressure exerted by the ground filling the rear face wall can be realized in various forms and meanings depending on the design features walls, the strength characteristics of the filling soil and foundation on the magnitude and direction of movement of the wall. In the absence of moving away from the wall of the filling pressure is realized in the form of pressure E0 rest (in this case the filling is ground under compressive stress state). Active earth pressure best cheese for nachos Ea (thrust) is realized when moving away from the wall backfill and corresponds to the minimum value of the soil pressure. En passive pressure (resistance to the wall) is realized when you move the wall towards filling corresponds best cheese for nachos to the maximum pressure of the soil. Changing the pressure in the soil, depending on the displacement wall U is shown in Fig. 4.
Usually in engineering best cheese for nachos calculations use the value of the active pressure best cheese for nachos Ea, which is realized for sufficiently small displacements of the wall. In this case, the wall structure is a more cost-effective than in the calculations using the pressure resting E0. Under the influence of the active pressure Ea wall usually receives a small amount of movement of the filling, which can not, as a rule, to realize the full value of resistance En. To realize the full value of E will require best cheese for nachos a movement amount (due to soil compactibility), which can not be tolerated best cheese for nachos in the normal operation of the wall. Therefore, the design of retaining walls for the transport of construction allowed to enter into the calculations, only a third of the implemented resistance. The underside of wall friction force acts T. scheme of action best cheese for nachos of all forces on the wall is shown in Fig. 5. The rules of signs etc.
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