Table 1. The ten largest central heating solar systems in Europe, which were put into operation bef

Present post, we open a series of articles on the use of seasonal heat accumulators. In this paper, an example of a residential area in Sweden examined battery operated heater for car the use of seasonal ground battery operated without heat pump. In the construction sector, central solar heating systems are the most cost-effective among all possible solar thermal systems. Through the integration of seasonal heat storage can be covered by more than 50% of energy costs for heating and hot water supply. battery operated heater for car Table 1 shows the large-scale solar heating systems in Europe, built before 2002.
Table 1. The ten largest central heating solar systems in Europe, which were put into operation before 2000 (click to enlarge image) In the central and northern Europe since 1995 have become popular seasonal storage batteries for solar thermal energy accumulated during the warmer months, and its utilization in the cold. The figure battery operated heater for car below shows the 4 types of seasonal solar batteries, but this article battery operated heater for car will be discussed directly on unpaved battery (duct heat store).
Types of seasonal thermal solar energy batteries battery operated heater for car (Click for larger image) For the construction and successful operation of the battery ground is necessary to observe such conditions as the appropriate composition of the soil and enough space. The concept of this system is the storage battery operated heater for car of solar thermal energy directly in the ground. Suitable geological formations for its application can be, for example, mining / rocky soil or saturated soils. Charging and discharging of the battery is ground using vertical heat exchanger, placed in a borehole to a depth of 30 - 100 m. On the surface of the battery is a layer of insulation to prevent heat loss to the environment. During charging, the heat flow is directed from the center towards the periphery, to result in a higher temperature battery operated heater for car at the center and at the lower edge. During the discharge direction of heat flow back. An advantage of this system is the modular design, which allows for expansion. Additional wellbores vertical heat exchangers can easily battery operated heater for car be added, for example, in the case of increasing battery operated heater for car the number of heated buildings in residential district. [Schmidt T., Mangold D., Müller-Steinhagen battery operated heater for car H., July 2003. Central Solar Heating Plants battery operated heater for car with Seasonal Storage in Germany. battery operated heater for car Solar Energy, 76: 165-174.] In late 2002, in a residential area near Stockholm - Anneberge was put into operation solar thermal system with seasonal dirt battery without the use of a heat pump. The development battery operated heater for car of the solar thermal system with ground battery battery operated heater for car in Sweden was part of a project of the European Union EU THERMIE, which was aimed at research and development of large-scale solar heating systems for housing construction. Preliminary modeling and payment systems have been implemented in computer software and TRNSYS MINSUN and based on the results obtained battery operated heater for car has been chosen the optimum configuration battery operated heater for car of the system. [Nordell B., Hellström G., 2000. High Temperature Solar Heated Seasonal Storage System for Low Temperature Heating of Buildings. Solar Energy, 69 (6): 511-523] One of the requirements of the local municipality was to create a residential area, which would be environmentally friendly. Place for it was well chosen - the whole residential area surrounded by pine forest and at the same time is just 10 km north of Stockholm. During construction materials have been used such as hardwood, water-soluble paint, insulation, etc. Environmental One of the rooms in each apartment can be completely electrically isolated, that in the late 90's it was considered beneficial to health. Every resident of daily makes its contribution to preserving and improving the environment by complying with the rules on waste, as well as taking care of the natural environment. This solar thermal system consists of 2,400 square meters of solar collectors placed on the roofs of 50 private houses, ground battery of 60 000 m, 13 sabyunitov water tanks, accumulators for hot water, low-temperature heating system (floor heating) and additional electric heaters for heating and hot water. Home heating system is provided with underfloor heating design temperature 27/32 degrees Celsius. The total heating area - 5444 sq.m. Annual energy consumption for heating - 565 MW * hour. Roofs of houses are oriented in a south-easterly direction at angles of 15 oz., 31 oz., 37 c. On the roofs installed solar collectors with propylene battery operated heater for car glycol as a coolant. Solar circuit is separated from the circuit of the heat accumulator and heating systems with heat exchangers. battery operated heater for car From